![The Surface Web (also called the Visible Web, Indexed Web, Indexable Web or Lightnet) [1] is the portion of the World Wide Web that is readily available to the general public and searchable with standard web search engines. It is the opposite of the deep web, the part of the web not indexed by a web search engine. [2]. Spark java.lang.outofmemoryerror gc overhead limit exceeded](/img/512x512/601102120727.webp)
The history of the Internet has its origin in information theory and the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved ...The World Wide Web , commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling information to be shared over the Internet through simplified ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists, as well as documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules, the Hypertext Transfer ...WorldWideWeb (later renamed Nexus to avoid confusion between the software and the World Wide Web) is the first web browser [1] and web page editor. [2] It was discontinued in 1994. It was the first WYSIWYG HTML editor . The source code was released into the public domain on 30 April 1993. [3] [4] Some of the code still resides on Tim Berners ...Jaringan Sejagat. Jaringan Sejagat [1] ( bahasa Inggeris: World Wide Web , disingkatkan sebagai WWW atau W3 [2] ), juga dikenali sebagai Web atau Jaringan, ialah sebuah sistem maklumat dokumen hiperteks yang boleh dicapai melalui Internet. Seseorang perlu menggunakan pelayar web untuk meluncuri Sesawang. Dokumen dalam Jaringan Sejagat dikenali ...The world wide web (‘www’ or ‘web’ for short) is a collection of webpages found on this global network of computers. Your web browser uses the internet to access the world wide web.What is the World Wide Web? The internet is a global network of computers. The World Wide Web is the part of the internet that can be accessed through websites. Websites consist of webpages...NPR world news, international art and culture, world business and financial markets, world economy, and global trends in health, science and technology. Subscribe to the World Story of the Day ...The internet is a global network of computers, whereas the world wide web is an application that runs on the internet. It was created in 1989 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. The internet already existed ...The World Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW VL) was the first index of content on the World Wide Web and still operates as a directory of e-texts and information sources on the web. Overview [ edit ] The Virtual Library was started by Tim Berners-Lee creator of HTML and the World Wide Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva . [1]Diferente de sistemas anteriores como o HyperCard, a World Wide Web não era software proprietário, tornando possível a criação de outros sistemas e extensões sem a preocupação de licenciamento. Em 30 de abril de 1993, a CERN anunciou [13] que a World Wide Web seria livre para todos, sem custo.Webgraph. The webgraph describes the directed links between pages of the World Wide Web. A graph, in general, consists of several vertices, some pairs connected by edges. In a directed graph, edges are directed lines or arcs. The webgraph is a directed graph, whose vertices correspond to the pages of the WWW, and a directed edge connects page X ...World Wide Web, gọi tắt là WWW, mạng lưới toàn cầu là một không gian thông tin toàn cầu mà mọi người có thể truy cập thông tin qua các thiết bị kết nối với mạng Internet; một hệ thống thông tin trên Internet cho phép các tài liệu được kết nối với các tài liệu khác bằng các liên kết siêu văn bản, cho phép ...NPR world news, international art and culture, world business and financial markets, world economy, and global trends in health, science and technology. Subscribe to the World Story of the Day ...Vannevar Bush. Theodor Holm Nelson (born June 17, 1937) is an American pioneer of information technology, philosopher, and sociologist. He coined the terms hypertext and hypermedia in 1963 [1] and published them in 1965. [2]Web scraping is the process of automatically mining data or collecting information from the World Wide Web. It is a field with active developments sharing a common goal with the semantic web vision, an ambitious initiative that still requires breakthroughs in text processing, semantic understanding, artificial intelligence and human-computer ...Within the dark web, there exists emerging social media platforms similar to those on the World Wide Web, this is known as the Dark Web Social Network (DWSN). The DWSN works a like a regular social networking site where members can have customizable pages, have friends, like posts, and blog in forums.World Wide Web logosi (Robert Cailliau). Butunjahon oʻrgimchak toʻri (inglizcha: World Wide Web; qisqartmasi: WWW) butun Internet boʻylab hujjatlar va boshqa veb-resurslarni kirishga imkon beradigan axborot tizimidir. Butunjahon oʻrgimchak toʻri jahondagi hukmron (asosiy) dasturiy platformaga aylandi.The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used interchangeably; it is common to speak of "going on the Internet" when using a web browser to view web pages. However, the World Wide Web, or the Web, is only one of a large number of Internet services, a collection of documents (web pages) and other web resources linked by hyperlinks and URLs.The World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web. Founded in 1994 and led by Tim Berners-Lee, the consortium is made up of member organizations that maintain full-time staff working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. As of 5 March 2023, W3C had 462 members.10 million monthly connections (2009) The Minitel was a videotex online service accessible through telephone lines, and was the world's most successful online service prior to the World Wide Web. It was invented in Cesson-Sévigné, near Rennes, Brittany, France.The term "Semantic Web" was coined by Tim Berners-Lee, [7] the inventor of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium (" W3C "), which oversees the development of proposed Semantic Web standards. He defines the Semantic Web as "a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines".The history of the Internet has its origin in information theory and the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved ...The World Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW VL) was the first index of content on the World Wide Web and still operates as a directory of e-texts and information sources on the web. Overview [ edit ] The Virtual Library was started by Tim Berners-Lee creator of HTML and the World Wide Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva . [1]El Consorcio WWW, en inglés: World Wide Web Consortium ( W3C ), es un consorcio internacional que genera recomendaciones y estándares que aseguran el crecimiento de la World Wide Web a largo plazo. Desarrollar protocolos y directrices que garantizan el crecimiento a largo plazo de la Web.World-Wide Web Worm The World-Wide Web Worm (WWWW) was one of the first search engines for the World-Wide Web, by Oliver McBryan at the University of Colorado, announced in March 1994. Yahoo! Originally started as "Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web"; later renamed Yahoo without the exclamation mark. See also. History of the World Wide WebThe Web Ontology Language ( OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains: the nouns representing classes of objects and the verbs representing relations between ...NPR world news, international art and culture, world business and financial markets, world economy, and global trends in health, science and technology. Subscribe to the World Story of the Day ...Frame (World Wide Web) In the context of a web browser, a frame is a part of a web page or browser window which displays content independent of its container, with the ability to load content independently. The HTML or media elements in a frame may come from a web site distinct from the site providing the enclosing content.Domains) Das World Wide Web [ ˌwɜːldˌwaɪdˈwɛb] ( Anhören?/i) ( englisch für „weltweites Netz“, kurz Web oder WWW) ist ein über das Internet abrufbares System von elektronischen Hypertext -Dokumenten, sogenannten Webseiten, welche mit HTML beschrieben werden.Memex is a hypothetical electromechanical device for interacting with microform documents and described in Vannevar Bush 's 1945 article "As We May Think". Bush envisioned the memex as a device in which individuals would compress and store all of their books, records, and communications, "mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding ...Usage statistics of content languages for websites. This diagram shows the percentages of websites using various content languages. See technologies overview for explanations on the methodologies used in the surveys. Our reports are updated daily. English is used by 53.6% of all the websites whose content language we know.Closed in 2017. AlltheWeb (acquired by Yahoo!) AltaVista (acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, shut down in 2013) Bixee.com (India) (acquired by Ibibo) Blekko (acquired by IBM in 2015 for its use for Watson -based products) [14] BlogScope (acquired by Marketwire) BRS/Search (now OpenText Livelink ECM Discovery Server) Btjunkie.This is a very brief history of web server programs, so some information necessarily overlaps with the histories of the web browsers, the World Wide Web and the Internet; therefore, for the sake of clarity and understandability, some key historical information below reported may be similar to that found also in one or more of the above-mentioned history articles.The World Wide Web. 1990-Present. In 1990, the largest internet site in Europe was CERN, a particle physics laboratory in Geneva. Tim Berners-Lee was a researcher there, and he thought he had a ...Всесвітнє павутиння. Всесві́тнє павути́ння або Всесві́тня мере́жа ( англ. World Wide Web, скорочено: WWW; іноді всемере́жжя, веб ) — найбільше всесвітнє багатомовне сховище інформації в ...WWW (or www) is an initialism for World Wide Web. In English, WWW is the longest possible three-letter abbreviation when spoken, requiring six to nine syllables, depending on how it is pronounced, whereas the twelve letters in "World Wide Web" are pronounced with three syllables. The English writer Douglas Adams once quipped:The World Wide Web Foundation, also known as the Web Foundation, is a US-based international nonprofit organization advocating for a free and open web for everyone. It was cofounded by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Rosemary Leith.The World Wide Web turned 30 years old on Tuesday, and its inventor, Tim Berners-Lee, is warning about the "sources of dysfunction" the web faces. "The fight for the web is one of the most ...Bookmark (digital) Bookmarks in browsers are usually identified with a star icon and in many instances will use the icon image of the website to highlight the saved bookmark. In the context of the World Wide Web, a bookmark is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is stored for later retrieval in any of various storage formats.NPR world news, international art and culture, world business and financial markets, world economy, and global trends in health, science and technology. Subscribe to the World Story of the Day ...The Web Conference. The ACM Web Conference (formerly known as International World Wide Web Conference, abbreviated as WWW) is a yearly international academic conference on the topic of the future direction of the World Wide Web. The first conference of many was held and organized by Robert Cailliau in 1994 at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland.Webgraph. The webgraph describes the directed links between pages of the World Wide Web. A graph, in general, consists of several vertices, some pairs connected by edges. In a directed graph, edges are directed lines or arcs. The webgraph is a directed graph, whose vertices correspond to the pages of the WWW, and a directed edge connects page X ...World Wide Web ( WWW, v doslovném překladu „světově rozsáhlá pavučina“ nebo „celosvětová síť“) je označení pro systém prohlížení, ukládání a odkazování dokumentů nacházejících se v internetu. Dokumenty ( webové stránky) si prohlížíme pomocí webového prohlížeče, jsou uloženy na webových serverech a ...What is the World Wide Web? The internet is a global network of computers. The World Wide Web is the part of the internet that can be accessed through websites. Websites consist of webpages...World Wide Web Cloud By country Bulgaria Eastern Bloc Poland Romania Soviet Union Yugoslavia Timeline of computing before 1950 1950–1979 1980–1989 1990–1999White threads of fungal mycelium are sometimes visible underneath leaf litter in a forest floor. A mycorrhizal network (also known as a common mycorrhizal network or CMN) is an underground network found in forests and other plant communities, created by the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi joining with plant roots.Diferente de sistemas anteriores como o HyperCard, a World Wide Web não era software proprietário, tornando possível a criação de outros sistemas e extensões sem a preocupação de licenciamento. Em 30 de abril de 1993, a CERN anunciou [13] que a World Wide Web seria livre para todos, sem custo.A spider web, spiderweb, spider's web, or cobweb (from the archaic word coppe, meaning "spider") [1] is a structure created by a spider out of proteinaceous spider silk extruded from its spinnerets, generally meant to catch its prey . Spider webs have existed for at least 100 million years, as witnessed in a rare find of Early Cretaceous amber ...Világháló. A Wikipédia körüli hiperhivatkozások grafikus ábrázolása. A világháló (angol eredetiben World Wide Web, WWW vagy röviden Web) az interneten működő, egymással úgynevezett hiperhivatkozásokkal összekötött dokumentumok rendszere. A WWW jelentése sokak számára homályos, és a legtöbben úgy gondolják, ez már ...World Wide Web. World Wide Web alebo web alebo Web alebo WWW ( angl. = celosvetová sieť; world = svetový, -wide = celo-, web = sieť) je distribuovaný hypertextový internetový informačný systém, ktorý umožňuje univerzálny prístup k širokému univerzu dokumentov [1], ktoré obsahujú odkazy na iné miestne alebo vzdialené ...Web colors are colors used in displaying web pages on the World Wide Web ; they can be described by way of three methods: a color may be specified as an RGB triplet, in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet) or according to its common English name in some cases. A color tool or other graphics software is often used to generate color values.The deep web, [1] invisible web, [2] or hidden web [3] are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard web search-engine programs. This is in contrast to the "surface web", which is accessible to anyone using the Internet. [4] Computer scientist Michael K. Bergman is credited with inventing the term in 2001 as a ...The World Wide Web ( WWW ), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling information to be shared over the Internet through simplified ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists, [1] as well as documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules, the Hypertext Tran...WWW (or www) is an initialism for World Wide Web. In English, WWW is the longest possible three-letter abbreviation when spoken, requiring six to nine syllables, depending on how it is pronounced, whereas the twelve letters in "World Wide Web" are pronounced with three syllables. The English writer Douglas Adams once quipped: Diferente de sistemas anteriores como o HyperCard, a World Wide Web não era software proprietário, tornando possível a criação de outros sistemas e extensões sem a preocupação de licenciamento. Em 30 de abril de 1993, a CERN anunciou [13] que a World Wide Web seria livre para todos, sem custo.A search engine makes an. index. using a web crawler. A web crawler is an automated program that automatically browses the web and stores information about the webpages it visits. Every time a web ...2345.com – Chinese web directory founded in 2005. The website is the second most used web directory in China. Alleba – Filipino search engine website, with directory. Dalilmasr – Egyptian online directory. Timway – web portal and directory primarily serving Hong Kong. Bailaho – business directory serving Germany, Austria and Switzerland.Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist at CERN, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989. The web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automatic information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.The Gopher protocol (/ ˈ ɡ oʊ f ər /) is a communication protocol designed for distributing, searching, and retrieving documents in Internet Protocol networks. The design of the Gopher protocol and user interface is menu-driven, and presented an alternative to the World Wide Web in its early stages, but ultimately fell into disfavor, yielding to HTTP.World Wide Web logosi (Robert Cailliau). Butunjahon oʻrgimchak toʻri (inglizcha: World Wide Web; qisqartmasi: WWW) butun Internet boʻylab hujjatlar va boshqa veb-resurslarni kirishga imkon beradigan axborot tizimidir. Butunjahon oʻrgimchak toʻri jahondagi hukmron (asosiy) dasturiy platformaga aylandi.Web3 (also known as Web 3.0) is an idea for a new iteration of the World Wide Web which incorporates concepts such as decentralization, blockchain technologies, and token-based economics. Some technologists and journalists have contrasted it with Web 2.0 , wherein they say data and content are centralized in a small group of companies sometimes ...Citing the database. Usage of data from Universal Chalcidoidea Database in scientific publications should be acknowledged using the following format with the year of the most recent update (****) [see below under Database last updated]:History of the web browser. A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. It further provides for the capture or input of information which may be returned to the presenting system, then stored or processed as necessary. The method of accessing a particular page or ...Web scraping is the process of automatically mining data or collecting information from the World Wide Web. It is a field with active developments sharing a common goal with the semantic web vision, an ambitious initiative that still requires breakthroughs in text processing, semantic understanding, artificial intelligence and human-computer ...Web Accessibility Initiative. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)'s Web Accessibility Initiative ( WAI) is an effort to improve the accessibility of the World Wide Web for people with disabilities. People with disabilities encounter difficulties when using computers generally, but also on the Web.Languages used on the Internet. Slightly over half of the homepages of the most visited websites on the World Wide Web are in English, with varying amounts of information available in many other languages. [1] [2] Other top languages are Spanish, Russian, Persian, French, German and Japanese. [1]The history of the Internet has its origin in information theory and the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved ...Diferente de sistemas anteriores como o HyperCard, a World Wide Web não era software proprietário, tornando possível a criação de outros sistemas e extensões sem a preocupação de licenciamento. Em 30 de abril de 1993, a CERN anunciou [13] que a World Wide Web seria livre para todos, sem custo.Tim Berners-Lee. Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre. Timothy John Berners-Lee KBE, OM, FRS ( TimBL ou TBL) ( Londres, 8 de junho de 1955 [ 1]) é um físico britânico, cientista da computação e professor do MIT. É o criador da World Wide Web, tendo feito a primeira proposta para sua criação a 12 de março de 1989. [ 2][ 3] Em 25 de ...NPR world news, international art and culture, world business and financial markets, world economy, and global trends in health, science and technology. Subscribe to the World Story of the Day ...WWW (or www) is an initialism for World Wide Web. In English, WWW is the longest possible three-letter abbreviation when spoken, requiring six to nine syllables, depending on how it is pronounced, whereas the twelve letters in "World Wide Web" are pronounced with three syllables. The English writer Douglas Adams once quipped:World Wide Technology, Inc. (WWT) is a privately-held technology services provider based in St. Louis, Missouri. The company has an annual revenue of $17.0 billion (the 27th largest private company in the US [1] and the biggest black-owned company in the US [2] [3] ) and employs over 9,000 people.The Mosaic web browser was released in April 1993, and was later credited as the first web browser to find mainstream popularity. Its innovative graphical user interface made the World Wide Web easy to navigate and thus more accessible to the average person.The World Wide Web , commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling information to be shared over the Internet through simplified ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists, as well as documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules, the Hypertext Transfer ...The World Wide Web ( WWW ), commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling information to be shared over the Internet through simplified ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists, [1] as well as documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules, the Hypertext Tran...The World Wide Web Virtual Library (WWW VL) was the first index of content on the World Wide Web and still operates as a directory of e-texts and information sources on the web. Overview [ edit ] The Virtual Library was started by Tim Berners-Lee creator of HTML and the World Wide Web itself, in 1991 at CERN in Geneva . [1]The World Wide Web , commonly known as the Web, is an information system enabling information to be shared over the Internet through simplified ways meant to appeal to users beyond IT specialists and hobbyists, as well as documents and other web resources to be accessed over the Internet according to specific rules, the Hypertext Transfer ... World Wide Web (WWW) What is WORLD-WIDE WEB? World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3) is a hypertext-based information system. Any word in a hypertext document can be specified as a pointer to a different hypertext document where more information pertaining to that word can be found. Le World Wide Web, littéralement la " toile (d'araignée) [ 1] mondiale ", est communément appelé le Web, parfois la Toile ou le WWW[ 2]. C'est un système hypertexte public fonctionnant sur Internet et qui permet de consulter, avec un navigateur, des pages mises en ligne dans des sites. L'image de la toile vient des hyperliens qui lient les ...কার্লিতে Web Design and Development (ইংরেজি) World Wide Web Consortium; World Wide Web Size Daily estimated size of the World Wide Web. Internet Usage statistics and analysis for English websitesTim Berners-Lee: Inventor of the World Wide Web (Ferguson's Career Biographies), Melissa Stewart (Ferguson Publishing Company, 2001), ISBN 0-89434-367-X children's biography; How the Web was Born: The Story of the World Wide Web, Robert Cailliau, James Gillies, R. Cailliau (Oxford University Press, 2000), ISBN 0-19-286207-3
The World Wide Web Foundation, also known as the Web Foundation, is a US-based international nonprofit organization advocating for a free and open web for everyone. It was cofounded by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Rosemary Leith.. Unclerave
World Wide Web (WWW) What is WORLD-WIDE WEB? World-Wide Web (also called WWW or W3) is a hypertext-based information system. Any word in a hypertext document can be specified as a pointer to a different hypertext document where more information pertaining to that word can be found.World Wide Web ( WWW, v doslovném překladu „světově rozsáhlá pavučina“ nebo „celosvětová síť“) je označení pro systém prohlížení, ukládání a odkazování dokumentů nacházejících se v internetu. Dokumenty ( webové stránky) si prohlížíme pomocí webového prohlížeče, jsou uloženy na webových serverech a ...Világháló. A Wikipédia körüli hiperhivatkozások grafikus ábrázolása. A világháló (angol eredetiben World Wide Web, WWW vagy röviden Web) az interneten működő, egymással úgynevezett hiperhivatkozásokkal összekötött dokumentumok rendszere. A WWW jelentése sokak számára homályos, és a legtöbben úgy gondolják, ez már ...What is the World Wide Web? The internet is a global network of computers. The World Wide Web is the part of the internet that can be accessed through websites. Websites consist of webpages... World-Wide Web Worm The World-Wide Web Worm (WWWW) was one of the first search engines for the World-Wide Web, by Oliver McBryan at the University of Colorado, announced in March 1994. Yahoo! Originally started as "Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web"; later renamed Yahoo without the exclamation mark. See also. History of the World Wide WebThe world wide web (‘www’ or ‘web’ for short) is a collection of webpages found on this global network of computers. Your web browser uses the internet to access the world wide web.The term "Semantic Web" was coined by Tim Berners-Lee, [7] the inventor of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium (" W3C "), which oversees the development of proposed Semantic Web standards. He defines the Semantic Web as "a web of data that can be processed directly and indirectly by machines".Usage statistics of content languages for websites. This diagram shows the percentages of websites using various content languages. See technologies overview for explanations on the methodologies used in the surveys. Our reports are updated daily. English is used by 53.6% of all the websites whose content language we know.Languages used on the Internet. Slightly over half of the homepages of the most visited websites on the World Wide Web are in English, with varying amounts of information available in many other languages. [1] [2] Other top languages are Spanish, Russian, Persian, French, German and Japanese. [1]POST (HTTP) In computing, POST is a request method supported by HTTP used by the World Wide Web . By design, the POST request method requests that a web server accept the data enclosed in the body of the request message, most likely for storing it. [1] It is often used when uploading a file or when submitting a completed web form .While the World Wide Web can be a very good place to do research on many topics, putting documents or web pages on the web is easy, cheap or free, unregulated, and unmonitored. So it is buyer beware. Therein lies the rationale for evaluating carefully whatever you find on the Web. The burden is on you, the reader, to establish the credibility ...A search engine makes an. index. using a web crawler. A web crawler is an automated program that automatically browses the web and stores information about the webpages it visits. Every time a web ...World Wide Web. World Wide Web alebo web alebo Web alebo WWW ( angl. = celosvetová sieť; world = svetový, -wide = celo-, web = sieť) je distribuovaný hypertextový internetový informačný systém, ktorý umožňuje univerzálny prístup k širokému univerzu dokumentov [1], ktoré obsahujú odkazy na iné miestne alebo vzdialené ...월드와이드웹WorldWideWeb. 월드와이드웹 (WorldWideWeb)은 세계 최초의 웹 브라우저 이자, 위지윅 HTML 편집 프로그램 이다. 1991년 2월 26일 에 팀 버너스리 가 이 프로그램을 처음 소개하였으며 넥스트스텝 플랫폼 위에서 동작한다. 나중에는 월드 와이드 웹 의 이름과 ...The First International Conference on the World-Wide Web (also known as WWW1) was the first-ever conference about the World Wide Web, and the first meeting of what became the International World Wide Web Conference. It was held on May 25 to 27, 1994 in Geneva, Switzerland. The conference had 380 participants, [3] who were accepted out of 800 ...The history of the Internet has its origin in information theory and the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved ....